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DEFINITION: (noun) An inert substance used to dilute. SYNONYMS: thinner, dilutant. USAGE: The artist thinned the paint to a pale yellow using a diluent and a bit of white.

Maritain was an important 20th c French Catholic philosopher. Through the influence of Léon Bloy, Maritain, who was born a Protestant, converted to the Roman Catholic faith. He wrote more than 60 books, expanding on the principles of Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas, and was responsible for reviving the latter‘s teachings for modern times. He urged Christian involvement in secular affairs, a view that greatly influenced members of the Second Vatican Council. Which Pope was his friend and mentor?

Historians consider the Papal bull Unam sanctam, The One Holy, to be one of the most extreme statements of Papal spiritual supremacy ever made. It proclaimed that there is no salvation outside of the Church and arose from the Pope's conflict with Philip the Fair of France, in which each attempted to prevent the other from receiving money from taxes, highlighting the conflict between temporal and spiritual authority in the Middle Ages. What did Philip do in response to the bull?

The saguaro is a large, tree-sized cactus species that is native to the Sonoran Desert in the southwestern US and northern Mexico. Saguaros grow slowly, with side shoots taking up to 75 years to develop, and some specimens can live more than 200 years. Propagation is also slow and takes place when the saguaro's night-blooming flowers are pollinated by nectar eating bats, birds, and insects. The juicy red fruit of the saguaro matures in late June. It is illegal to harm saguaros in what state?

A new study found stem cell injections worked to ease symptoms of muscular dystrophy in a group of golden retrievers. Two dogs severely disabled by the disease were able to walk faster and even jump after the treatments. The study focused on Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which occurs in about 1 in every 3,500 male births. Men with Duchenne dystrophy typically die in their 20s because of weakness in their heart and lung muscles.