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DEFINITION: (noun) The combination of qualities of a sound that distinguishes it from other sounds of the same pitch and volume. SYNONYMS: tone, quality, timber. USAGE: The timbre of her soprano was rich and lovely.

Herzl was the founder of modern Zionism. A journalist, he was sent to Paris to report on the Dreyfus Affair and was appalled by the vicious anti-Semitism he observed. He decided that Jewish assimilation in Europe was impossible and that the only solution to the Jewish problem was the establishment of a Jewish national state. He expressed his ideas in his famous pamphlet, Der Judenstaat, and organized the first Zionist World Congress, serving as its first president. Where is he buried?

King Hussein reigned from the early 1950s to 1999. He ascended the throne after his father, King Talal, was declared mentally unfit to rule. Hussein generally espoused a pro-Western policy that brought him into conflict with Arab leftist leaders and Palestinians in Jordan. In 1991, he refused to join the forces against Iraq in Gulf War I, but he later encouraged peace negotiations and signed a peace treaty with what country?

The Nutcracker, a celebrated ballet by Tchaikovsky, tells the story of a young girl whose Christmas gift of a nutcracker turns into a prince and leads her to a magical land. In 1954, George Balanchine choreographed and premiered his New York City Ballet version, which was later made into a feature film. Mikhail Baryshnikov choreographed another enormously popular version for the American Ballet Theatre. What novel instrument did Tchaikovsky use in the Nutcracker score?

Eight cases of a rare and life threatening form of lung disease known as Bronchiolitis obliterans have been discovered among those who worked in food flavoring plants in California between 2004 and 2007. The disease appears to result from inhaling the chemical diacetyl, which is used in butter flavoring. The CDC has asked manufactures of food flavorings to take steps to create safer environments for workers in these plants.