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DEFINITION: (adjective) Moving or directed or tending in a backward direction or contrary to a previous direction. SYNONYMS: retral. USAGE: But, contrary to my expectations, the Nautilus took a decided retrograde motion.

Luciano Pavarotti, one of the best known vocal performers of the late 20th century, has died at the age of 71 following a yearlong battle with pancreatic cancer. The tenor's career spanned 4 decades, and while some operatic purists begrudge his collaborations with rock and pop music singers, his musical explorations introduced millions to the 17th century art of opera. A born showman, Pavarotti was known as much for his larger than life personality as he was for his voice. Funeral services will be held today in Pavarotti's hometown of Modena, Italy.

A congenital heart defect (CHD) is a flaw in the structure of the heart and great vessels of a newborn. Most CHDs either obstruct blood flow to the heart or nearby vessels or cause blood to flow through the heart in an abnormal pattern. Though such defects occur in less than 1% of the population, they are the leading cause of birth defect-related deaths. There are 8 defects that comprise the bulk of all CHDs, with ventricular septal defects presenting most commonly. What is the septum?