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DEFINITION: (noun) A comfortable or complacent member of the middle class. SYNONYMS: bourgeois. USAGE: From the serfs of the Middle Ages sprang the chartered burghers of the earliest towns.

As the melting of polar ice caps presents the possibility of exploiting the previously inaccessible and resource rich Arctic seabed, a number of countries have stepped-up their competition for territorial and economic rights there. Last month, a Russian expedition took soil samples from the N Pole seabed for analysis, leaving behind a Russian flag to mark their successful descent. Now, Russia says those samples provide evidence that the Lomonosov Ridge, an underwater oceanic ridge in the Arctic Ocean, is part of the Russian Federation's adjoining continental shelf and is therefore part of Russia's land mass.

Risk refers to the potential negative impact that may arise from some present or future event. In common usage, it has become synonymous with the probability of a loss or threat. There are different definitions of risk, and its measurement can be difficult, but industries that are risk-sensitive use the equation: Risk = (probability of the event) x (consequence). Thus, the harsher the loss and the more likely the event, the worse the risk. What role does framing play in risk assessment?