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DEFINITION: (noun) One who wanders from place to place without a permanent home or a means of livelihood. SYNONYMS: drifter, vagabond, floater. USAGE: When things started disappearing from their backyard, they began to suspect the vagrant who had recently been roaming the streets.

Historians consider the Papal bull Unam sanctam—which proclaimed that there is no salvation outside of the Church—to be one of the most extreme statements of Papal spiritual supremacy ever made. It arose from the Pope's feud with Philip the Fair of France, in which each attempted to prevent the other from receiving money from taxes, and it highlights the conflict between temporal and spiritual authority in the Middle Ages. How did Philip respond to the bull?

Debt-ridden farmers, struck by the economic depression that followed the American Revolution, petitioned the Massachusetts state senate to halt foreclosure of mortgages on their property and imprisonment for debt. When the senate failed to undertake these reforms, armed rebels, led by Daniel Shays and other local leaders, forcibly closed a number of debtors' courts. The rebellion, suppressed in 1787, less than a year after it began, prompted the fledgling US government to make what changes?

Engineers have started the two-month process of cooling down the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, a "doomsday vault" that will house seeds from all types of major food crops. The Norwegian government is funding the project, which aims to safeguard the world's crops from disasters such as nuclear wars and dangerous climate change. The vault's design utilizes the surrounding rock and permafrost as a "cold store" that will allow it to preserve the seeds at 0F (-18C) while remaining energy efficient.